Can foreigners join trade unions in Poland?
Poland has become a growing hub for foreign workers over the past decade, with thousands of people from Ukraine, Belarus, India, the Philippines, and other countries contributing to the country’s labor force. With this growing diversity comes an important question: Can foreigners working in Poland join trade unions?
The short answer is yes—foreigners can join trade unions in Poland, and in most cases, they have the same rights as Polish citizens when it comes to labor representation.
This blog post explains your rights as a foreign worker, how trade unions function in Poland, and why joining one could be beneficial to your professional and legal well-being.
Legal Basis: Trade Union Rights for Foreigners
Under Polish labor law, particularly the Trade Unions Act of 1991, every employee, regardless of nationality, has the right to form or join a trade union.
This includes:
- Citizens of non-EU countries
- EU/EEA nationals
- Refugees, asylum seekers, and even individuals with temporary protection
- Workers with temporary, permanent, or seasonal contracts
In 2019, the Polish Constitutional Court also clarified that all workers, not just employees on standard contracts, can join trade unions—this includes civil law contractors (B2B workers), freelancers, and self-employed individuals.
Why Should Foreign Workers Join a Trade Union?
Joining a trade union can provide several advantages, especially if you're a foreign national navigating unfamiliar legal and employment systems.
1. Legal Protection
Unions help protect your rights in case of:
- Unlawful dismissal
- Wage disputes
- Workplace discrimination
- Unsafe working conditions
2. Support with Documentation
Some unions offer assistance with:
- Work permit issues
- Visa renewals
- Employment contracts
3. Language Support
Major unions often have multilingual representatives or provide services in languages like Ukrainian, Russian, and English.
4. Collective Bargaining
As a union member, you benefit from collective agreements related to:
- Pay increases
- Overtime rules
- Holidays
- Sick leave
Major Trade Unions in Poland
Here are some of the largest and most active trade unions that welcome foreign members:
- NSZZ “Solidarność” – The most well-known union in Poland, active in various sectors like manufacturing, transport, and education.
- OPZZ (All-Poland Alliance of Trade Unions) – Covers both public and private sector employees.
- FZZ (Forum of Trade Unions) – Focuses on protecting workers' rights and improving social policies.
Additionally, some sector-specific unions—such as those in construction, logistics, agriculture, or domestic work—specifically focus on migrant worker rights.
How to Join a Trade Union in Poland
Joining a union is generally straightforward:
- Identify the union active in your workplace or industry.
- Submit an application (usually a simple form).
- Pay a small monthly fee (often 1–2% of your salary).
- Receive your membership card and begin enjoying your rights and protections.
There is no legal risk for foreign workers joining a union, as it is protected under both Polish law and international conventions.
Final Thoughts
If you're a foreign worker in Poland—whether you're here temporarily or planning to stay long-term—joining a trade union is not only your right but also a smart step toward protecting yourself in the workplace. Trade unions offer valuable resources, advocacy, and legal support that can make your experience in Poland safer and more secure.
For more details, reach out to your nearest trade union office or your workplace representative.
Sources:
- Polish Trade Union Act (1991)
