What Legal Steps Must You Take After Arriving in Poland?
Moving to Poland for work, study, or long-term residence is an exciting opportunity. However, like any international move, it comes with important legal responsibilities. Whether you're an EU or non-EU citizen, there are specific procedures you must follow after arriving in Poland to ensure your stay is legal and trouble-free.
In this guide, we break down the essential legal steps you need to take once you've arrived in Poland.
1. Register Your Address (Meldunek)
Who needs to register:
Both EU and non-EU citizens are required to register their address in Poland if they stay longer than 30 days (for EU citizens) or more than 14 days (for non-EU citizens).
Where to go:
Local municipal office (Urząd Miasta or Urząd Gminy) responsible for the district where you live.
What you need:
- Valid passport or ID
- Rental agreement or proof of accommodation
- Visa or residence permit (if applicable)
- Registration form (often provided at the office)
Why it matters:
Address registration is often needed for other formalities such as getting a PESEL number or accessing healthcare.
2. Apply for a PESEL Number
What is PESEL:
PESEL (Universal Electronic System for Registration of the Population) is an 11-digit personal identification number used for tax, healthcare, and administrative purposes.
Who needs it:
You need a PESEL number if:
- Your stay exceeds 30 days and you register your address
- You're working, studying, or using the public healthcare system
How to get it:
- Automatically assigned when registering your address as a resident
- Or apply separately at your local municipal office if not given automatically
Documents required:
- Passport or ID
- Proof of address
- Completed application form
3. Legalize Your Stay (Residence Permit)
EU citizens:
If you plan to stay longer than 90 days, you must register your stay with the local Voivodeship Office (Urząd Wojewódzki).
Non-EU citizens:
You must apply for a Temporary Residence Permit if your visa is not enough to cover your planned stay.
Documents typically required:
- Valid passport
- Completed residence permit application
- Proof of purpose of stay (employment contract, university enrollment, etc.)
- Health insurance proof
- Proof of accommodation and sufficient financial means
Timing:
Apply at least 45 days before your current visa expires.
4. Register with the Tax Office (If Working)
Why:
If you work in Poland, your employer will register you for tax purposes. However, if you're self-employed or working as a freelancer, you need to do this yourself.
Steps:
- Obtain a NIP (Tax Identification Number) if PESEL is not assigned
- Register your business activity or employment status
Where to go:
Local Tax Office (Urząd Skarbowy)
5. Enroll in Health Insurance (NFZ or Private)
If employed:
Your employer will automatically register you with the National Health Fund (NFZ).
If unemployed, student, or self-employed:
You need to register yourself for voluntary insurance or get private coverage.
Where to apply:
- NFZ branch office (for public healthcare)
- Private insurer (for private coverage)
6. Open a Polish Bank Account (Optional but Recommended)
While not a legal requirement, having a local bank account is crucial for:
- Receiving salary
- Paying rent and bills
- Accessing services like online shopping and subscriptions
What you need:
- Passport or ID
- Proof of address
- Residence permit or visa (some banks may request it)
7. Get a SIM Card and Register It
Polish law requires:
All SIM cards must be registered to an individual with a valid ID.
Where to buy/register:
- Mobile operator stores (Play, Orange, Plus, T-Mobile)
- Provide ID/passport during purchase
Additional Tips
- Translations: Some documents may need to be translated into Polish by a sworn translator.
- Appointments: For many procedures (especially residence permits), you may need to book appointments in advance.
- Digital Tools: Some services can be accessed via the Polish government’s online platform gov.pl.
Conclusion
Settling in Poland legally requires completing several important administrative steps shortly after arrival. From registering your address and getting a PESEL number to applying for residence and setting up health insurance, staying on top of these tasks will help you avoid legal issues and access essential services.
If you’re unsure at any point, it’s wise to consult with your employer, university, or a legal advisor familiar with Polish immigration law.
