Work Rights of International Students in Belgium

Belgium offers international students not only a quality education but also the opportunity to gain work experience during and after their studies. However, specific regulations must be followed to stay compliant with Belgian immigration and labor laws. 

Part-Time Work During Studies

International students enrolled at Belgian institutions can take up part-time employment, but there are clear guidelines in place to ensure that work does not interfere with academic commitments.

Working Hours

• Academic Year: Students are allowed to work up to 20 hours per week during term time, as long as the job is compatible with their studies.

• Official Holidays: During university breaks—such as summer, winter, and Easter holidays—students can work full-time without hourly restrictions.

Employment Conditions

• Student Employment Contract: Work must be carried out under a fixed-term student contract, which outlines the duration, hours, and nature of the job.

• Residence Permit: A valid Belgian residence permit is mandatory.

• BIS Number: Students must obtain a BIS number, which serves as their Belgian social security number and confirms their right to work.

Although a work permit C was previously required, it has been abolished as of January 2020, simplifying the employment process for students.

Social Security Contributions

Students employed under a student contract benefit from reduced social security contributions, making it cost-effective for employers to hire them. However, students should be cautious not to exceed the 475-hour annual limit, as this may result in higher contributions and penalties for the employer.

Post-Study Work: The Orientation Year

After completing their studies, international graduates can extend their stay in Belgium by applying for an "orientation year" residence permit.

Key Features of the Orientation Year

• Duration: Valid for one year, this permit is designed to help graduates explore the Belgian job market or start a business.

• Labor Market Access: The permit grants unrestricted access to the job market, allowing graduates to work full-time or establish their own company.

• No Work Permit Needed: During this period, graduates are not required to hold a separate work permit.

Requirements and Expectations

• Active Job Search: Students must actively seek employment or take steps toward launching a business.

• Future Sponsorship: At the end of the orientation year, those who wish to remain in Belgium need to secure a job offer from an employer willing to sponsor a work visa.

Important Considerations

• Compliance Is Crucial: Non-compliance with labor rules—such as working more hours than permitted—can lead to penalties for both the student and the employer.

• Varied Regulations for Non-EU Nationals: Students from non-EU countries should consult official resources or their institutions, as rules may vary depending on their nationality.

• Language and Integration: While not a legal requirement for all jobs, language skills (Dutch, French, or German, depending on the region) can enhance employment opportunities.

Belgium provides a flexible and supportive environment for international students to gain work experience, support themselves financially, and explore long-term career prospects. By understanding the legal framework and planning accordingly, students can make the most of their academic and professional journey in Belgium.