Surge in Undocumented Workers in the Netherlands Sparks Exploitation Concerns
KEY TAKEAWAYS
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The Netherlands has seen a significant rise in the number of foreign workers without permits in recent years.
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A key factor is the misuse of the Registration of Non-Residents (RNI) system, which allows foreigners to obtain a citizen service number without proving their purpose of stay or address.
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Brazilians and Georgians are among the most commonly found groups working without permits, especially in Amsterdam, where nearly 35,000 Brazilians are believed to be employed illegally.
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These undocumented workers are primarily employed in construction, agriculture, horticulture, meat processing, and hospitality sectors. Informal jobs like cleaning and babysitting are also prevalent.
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The shift from mostly Eastern European workers to an increase in third-country nationals has made it harder for authorities to track illegal employment.
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Despite long-standing awareness of the loophole, no effective actions have been taken by the Ministry of Home Affairs to close the gap or reform the RNI system.
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Possession of a citizen service number enables undocumented individuals to open bank accounts, register businesses, and seek employment—despite being in the country illegally.
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Health and social service organizations, such as Doctors of the World, report rising concerns about the welfare of these workers, many of whom are not eligible for health insurance.
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The lack of oversight leaves workers vulnerable to exploitation, underpayment, sudden dismissal, and unsafe working conditions.
