European Countries with Easier Pathways to Citizenship

Dual citizenship offers the opportunity to enjoy rights and obligations in two countries, providing flexibility in choosing ideal living conditions. However, it is crucial to understand which European nations allow dual citizenship to avoid potential legal issues. Below is an overview of some European countries where obtaining citizenship is relatively straightforward.

Ireland

Ireland offers one of the most accessible citizenship options through descent. If you can trace your ancestry back to Irish great-grandparents, you may qualify for citizenship. However, your grandparents’ births must be officially registered in Ireland, and they must have held Irish citizenship. The Irish government conducts thorough checks to confirm eligibility.

Malta

Malta, known for its mild climate and favourable business environment, provides an investment-based route to citizenship. Applicants must live in the country for 12 months and make the following contributions:

• EUR 650,000 to the national development fund.
• Purchase real estate worth at least EUR 350,000 or rent a property for a minimum annual cost of EUR 16,000 for five years.
• Invest EUR 150,000 in government bonds or shares.

Portugal

Portugal offers a pathway to citizenship through its Golden Visa program, which grants residency as a stepping stone to citizenship. Applicants must maintain residency for five years and meet one of the following investment criteria:

• Transfer EUR 1 million to an approved account.
• Create 10 new jobs.
• Invest EUR 280,000 in real estate renovation projects or EUR 400,000 in low-population-density regions.
• Contribute EUR 350,000 to a Portuguese company that creates permanent jobs.

Spain

Spain offers naturalization opportunities for individuals with historical or cultural ties to the country. While standard residency requirements for citizenship are 10 years, applicants from Spanish-speaking countries, Andorra, the Philippines, Equatorial Guinea, or those with Sephardic Jewish heritage may qualify after two years of residence.

Greece

Greece provides a Golden Visa program that facilitates residency and, eventually, citizenship through investment. A common option involves purchasing real estate worth at least EUR 250,000. Permanent residency is a stepping stone to citizenship after seven years of living in the country.

Italy

Italy offers citizenship by descent for individuals with Italian ancestors, provided at least one parent or grandparent was an Italian citizen. Unlike many other countries, Italy does not impose generational limits, making it a favoured destination for those with Italian heritage.

By understanding these requirements, prospective applicants can navigate the process of obtaining European citizenship more efficiently and avoid legal complications.